Carbon fiber, wanda aka sani da sarkin sabbin kayayyaki a karni na 21, lu'u-lu'u ne mai haske a cikin kayan.Fiber Carbon (CF) wani nau'in fiber ne na inorganic tare da fiye da 90% abun ciki na carbon.Abubuwan zaruruwa na halitta ( tushen viscose, tushen farar, filaye na tushen polyacrylonitrile, da sauransu) ana pyrolyzed da carbonized a babban zafin jiki don samar da kashin bayan carbon.
A matsayin sabon ƙarni na ƙarfafa fiber, carbon fiber yana da kyawawan kayan aikin injiniya da sinadarai.Ba wai kawai yana da halayen halayen kayan aikin carbon ba, amma har ma yana da laushi da kuma aiwatar da fiber na yadi.Saboda haka, ana amfani da shi sosai a sararin samaniya, kayan makamashi, sufuri, wasanni da wuraren shakatawa
Nauyin haske: a matsayin sabon abu mai mahimmanci tare da kyakkyawan aiki, yawancin fiber carbon kusan daidai yake da na magnesium da beryllium, ƙasa da 1/4 na na karfe.Yin amfani da haɗin fiber carbon a matsayin kayan gini na iya rage nauyin tsarin da 30% - 40%.
Ƙarfin ƙarfi da haɓaka mai girma: ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin carbon fiber sau 5 mafi girma fiye da na karfe da sau 4 mafi girma fiye da na aluminum gami;Modules na musamman shine sau 1.3-12.3 na sauran kayan tsarin.
Ƙananan haɓaka ƙididdiga: ƙimar haɓakar haɓakar thermal na mafi yawan fibers carbon ba shi da kyau a cikin zafin jiki, 0 a 200-400 ℃, kuma kawai 1.5 a ƙasa da 1000 ℃ × 10-6 / K, ba sauƙin faɗaɗa da lalata ba saboda babban aiki. zafin jiki.
Kyakkyawan juriya na lalata sinadarai: fiber fiber yana da babban abun ciki na carbon mai tsafta, kuma carbon yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi tsayayyen sinadarai, yana haifar da ingantaccen aikin sa a cikin yanayin acid da alkali, wanda za'a iya sanya shi cikin kowane nau'in samfuran rigakafin lalata.
Ƙarfin gajiya mai ƙarfi: tsarin tsarin fiber carbon yana da kwanciyar hankali.Dangane da kididdigar cibiyar sadarwa ta polymer, bayan miliyoyin hawan keke na gwajin gajiyawar damuwa, ƙimar riƙewar ƙarfi har yanzu shine 60%, yayin da na ƙarfe shine 40%, aluminum shine 30%, kuma fiber fiber ƙarfafa filastik shine kawai 20. % - 25%.
Carbon fiber composite shine sake ƙarfafa fiber carbon.Ko da yake ana iya amfani da fiber carbon shi kaɗai kuma yana taka takamaiman aiki, abu ne mai karye bayan duk.Sai kawai lokacin da aka haɗa shi da kayan matrix don samar da carbon fiber composite zai iya ba da mafi kyawun wasa ga kayan aikin injinsa kuma ya ɗauki ƙarin lodi.
Za a iya rarraba filayen carbon bisa ga nau'i daban-daban kamar nau'in precursor, hanyar masana'anta da aiki
Dangane da nau'in precursor: tushen polyacrylonitrile (Pan), tushen farar (isotropic, mesophase);Viscose tushe (bas din cellulose, rayon tushe).Daga cikin su, polyacrylonitrile (Pan) tushen carbon fiber ya mamaye matsayi na al'ada, kuma abin da yake fitarwa ya kai fiye da 90% na jimlar fiber carbon, yayin da fiber carbon fiber na tushen viscose yana da ƙasa da 1%.
Bisa ga masana'antu yanayi da kuma hanyoyin: carbon fiber (800-1600 ℃), graphite fiber (2000-3000 ℃), kunna carbon fiber, tururi girma carbon fiber.
Dangane da kaddarorin injiniyoyi, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in aiki: ƙarfin nau'in fiber na nau'in carbon ɗin gabaɗaya kusan 1000MPa ne, kuma modulus kusan 100GPa ne;High yi irin za a iya raba zuwa high ƙarfi irin (ƙarfin 2000mPa, modulus 250gpa) da kuma high model (modulus 300gpa ko fiye), daga cikin abin da ƙarfi fiye da 4000mpa kuma ake kira matsananci-high ƙarfi irin, da kuma modulus mafi girma fiye da 450gpa ne. ake kira ultra-high model.
Dangane da girman ja, za a iya raba shi zuwa ƙananan ja da babban ja: ƙananan filayen carbon fiber ya fi 1K, 3K da 6K a matakin farko, kuma a hankali ya haɓaka zuwa 12K da 24K, wanda aka fi amfani dashi a sararin samaniya, wasanni. da filayen shakatawa.Carbon fibers sama da 48K yawanci ana kiran su manyan filayen carbon tow, gami da 48K, 60K, 80K, da sauransu, waɗanda galibi ana amfani da su a filayen masana'antu.
Ƙarfin ƙwanƙwasa da maɗaukakiyar juzu'i sune manyan fihirisa guda biyu don kimanta kaddarorin fiber carbon.Bisa ga wannan, kasar Sin ta fitar da ma'auni na kasa na PAN tushen carbon fiber (GB/t26752-2011) a cikin 2011. A lokaci guda, saboda cikakkiyar fa'ida ta Toray a cikin masana'antar fiber carbon ta duniya, yawancin masana'antun cikin gida kuma sun ɗauki matsayin Toray's rarrabuwa. a matsayin tunani.
1.2 manyan shinge suna kawo ƙimar ƙara darajar.Haɓaka tsari da kuma fahimtar yawan samarwa na iya rage yawan farashi da haɓaka haɓaka
1.2.1 shingen fasaha na masana'antu yana da girma, samar da precursor shine ainihin, kuma carbonization da oxidation shine mabuɗin.
Tsarin samar da fiber carbon yana da rikitarwa, wanda ke buƙatar babban kayan aiki da fasaha.Gudanar da daidaito, zafin jiki da lokacin kowane haɗin gwiwa zai shafi ingancin samfurin ƙarshe.Polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber ya zama mafi yawan amfani da fiber carbon fiber mafi girma a halin yanzu saboda tsarin shirye-shiryensa mai sauƙi, ƙarancin samarwa da kuma zubar da sharar gida guda uku.Ana iya yin babban kayan propane daga ɗanyen mai, kuma sarkar masana'antar fiber carbon ta PAN ta haɗa da cikakken tsarin masana'anta daga makamashi na farko zuwa aikace-aikacen ƙarshe.
Bayan da aka shirya propane daga danyen mai, an samo propylene ta hanyar zaɓaɓɓen dehydrogenation (PDH) na propane;
An samo Acrylonitrile ta hanyar ammoxidation na propylene.Polyacrylonitrile (Pan) precursor an samo shi ta hanyar polymerization da jujjuyawar acrylonitrile;
Polyacrylonitrile ne pre oxidized, carbonized a low kuma high zafin jiki don samun carbon fiber, wanda za a iya sanya a cikin carbon fiber masana'anta da carbon fiber prepreg don samar da carbon fiber composites;
Ana haɗe fiber carbon tare da guduro, yumbu da sauran kayan don samar da abubuwan haɗin fiber carbon.A ƙarshe, samfuran ƙarshe don aikace-aikacen ƙasa ana samun su ta hanyoyi daban-daban na gyare-gyare;
Inganci da matakin aiki na precursor kai tsaye suna ƙayyade aikin ƙarshe na fiber carbon.Saboda haka, inganta ingancin kadi bayani da inganta abubuwan da precursor forming zama key maki shirya high quality-carbon fiber.
Bisa ga "Bincike kan tsarin samar da polyacrylonitrile tushen carbon fiber precursor", tsarin kadi ya ƙunshi nau'i uku: rigar kadi, bushewar kadi da bushewar rigar kadi.A halin yanzu, rigar kadi da busassun kadi ana amfani da su don samar da precursor polyacrylonitrile a gida da waje, daga cikinsu rigar kadi ne aka fi amfani dashi.
Rigar kadi na farko yana fitar da maganin juzu'i daga ramin spinneret, kuma maganin jujjuyawar yana shiga cikin wankan coagulation a cikin nau'i na ƙarami.Hanyar jujjuyawar maganin kadi na polyacrylonitrile shine cewa akwai babban rata tsakanin maida hankali na DMSO a cikin maganin kadi da kuma wanka na coagulation, kuma akwai kuma babban rata tsakanin maida ruwa a cikin wankan coagulation da maganin polyacrylonitrile.A ƙarƙashin hulɗar bambance-bambancen tattarawa guda biyu da ke sama, ruwan ya fara yaduwa ta hanyoyi biyu, kuma a ƙarshe ya tattara cikin filaments ta hanyar canja wurin taro, canja wurin zafi, motsin daidaiton lokaci da sauran matakai.
A cikin samar da precursor, ragowar adadin DMSO, girman fiber, ƙarfin monofilament, modulus, elongation, abun cikin mai da raguwar ruwan zãfi ya zama mahimman abubuwan da ke shafar ingancin precursor.Ɗaukar ragowar adadin DMSO a matsayin misali, yana da tasiri akan bayyananniyar kaddarorin precursor, jihar giciye da ƙimar CV na samfurin fiber carbon na ƙarshe.Ƙananan ragowar adadin DMSO, mafi girman aikin samfurin.A cikin samarwa, DMSO yafi cirewa ta hanyar wankewa, don haka yadda za a sarrafa zafin jiki na wankewa, lokaci, adadin ruwan da aka lalata da kuma yawan sake zagayowar wanka ya zama muhimmiyar hanyar haɗi.
Babban ingancin polyacrylonitrile precursor yakamata ya sami halaye masu zuwa: babban yawa, babban crystallinity, ƙarfin da ya dace, sashin giciye madauwari, ƙarancin lahani na jiki, ƙasa mai santsi da yunifom da tsarin tushen fata mai yawa.
Kula da zafin jiki na carbonization da oxidation shine mabuɗin.Carbonization da hadawan abu da iskar shaka mataki ne mai mahimmanci a cikin samar da samfuran ƙarshe na fiber carbon daga mafari.A cikin wannan mataki, daidaito da kewayon zafin jiki ya kamata a sarrafa shi daidai, in ba haka ba, ƙarfin jujjuyawar samfuran fiber carbon za a yi tasiri sosai, har ma yana haifar da fashewar waya.
Preoxidation (200-300 ℃): a cikin preoxidation tsari, da PAN precursor ne sannu a hankali da kuma mildly oxidized da ake ji wani tashin hankali a cikin oxidizing yanayi, forming babban adadin zobe Tsarin a kan tushen da kwanon rufi madaidaiciya sarkar, don haka kamar yadda cimma manufar jure yanayin zafi mafi girma.
Carbonization (mafi yawan zafin jiki ba kasa da 1000 ℃): carbonization tsari ya kamata a za'ayi a cikin inert yanayi.A farkon matakin carbonization, kwanon kwanon rufi ya karye kuma an fara aikin haɗin gwiwa;Tare da haɓakar zafin jiki, yanayin bazuwar thermal ya fara sakin adadin ƙananan iskar gas, kuma tsarin graphite ya fara farawa;Lokacin da zafin jiki ya ƙara ƙaruwa, abun cikin carbon ya ƙaru da sauri kuma fiber carbon ya fara farawa.
Graphitization (magani zazzabi sama da 2000 ℃): graphitization ba wani dole tsari ga carbon fiber samar, amma na zabin tsari.Idan ana sa ran babban nau'in nau'in fiber na carbon, ana buƙatar graphitization;Idan ana sa ran babban ƙarfin fiber carbon, graphitization ba lallai ba ne.A cikin tsarin graphitization, babban zafin jiki yana sa fiber ya zama ingantaccen tsarin raga na graphite, kuma an haɗa tsarin ta hanyar zane don samun samfurin ƙarshe.
Manyan shingaye na fasaha suna ba wa samfuran da ke ƙasa da ƙarin ƙima, kuma farashin abubuwan haɗin jirgin sama ya ninka na ɗanyen siliki sau 200.Saboda tsananin wahalar shirye-shiryen fiber carbon da kuma hadaddun tsari, yawancin samfuran ƙasa, mafi girman ƙimar da aka ƙara.Musamman ga high-karshen carbon fiber composites amfani a cikin Aerospace filin, saboda downstream abokan ciniki da sosai m bukatun a kan ta AMINCI da kwanciyar hankali, da samfurin farashin kuma yana nuna wani geometric mahara girma idan aka kwatanta da talakawa carbon fiber.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-22-2021